Abstract Mitochondria are critical modulators of antiviral tolerance through the release of mitochondrial RNA and DNA (mtDNA and mtRNA) fragments into the cytoplasm after infection,
Editor’s summary Repetitive sequences make up much of the human genome and have been implicated in cancer development. Here, Annapragada et al. have taken advantage of the
Abstract Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes essential subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation system, but is also a major damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) that engages innate immune
Editor’s summary The enzyme telomerase synthesizes telomeric repeats at the ends of linear chromosomes, allowing the shelterin protein complex to bind and protect the ends
Abstract De novo chromosome synthesis is costly and time-consuming, limiting its use in research and biotechnology. Building synthetic chromosomes from natural components is an unexplored
Summary Inspired by nature, modern nanotechnology has enabled the bottom-up construction of molecular machines and nanorobots using two different biomolecular building blocks, DNAs or peptides. As an
Abstract DNA base editors use deaminases fused to a programmable DNA-binding protein for targeted nucleotide conversion. However, the most widely used TadA deaminases lack post-translational
Significance DNA and RNA deformations play crucial roles in biological processes, such as DNA packaging and nucleic acid recognition by proteins. The relevant understanding is
Abstract Multispecific antibodies have emerged as versatile therapeutic agents, and therefore, approaches to optimize and streamline their design and assembly are needed. Here we report
Abstract Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare, progressive lung disease that predominantly affects women. LAM cells carry TSC1/TSC2 mutations, causing mTORC1 hyperactivation and uncontrolled cell growth. mTORC1 inhibitors
Abstract BACKGROUND Telomere shortening is a well-characterized cellular aging mechanism, and short telomere syndromes cause age-related disease. However, whether long telomere length is advantageous is
Structured Abstract INTRODUCTION Deciphering the molecular and genetic changes that differentiate humans from our closest primate relatives is critical for understanding our origins. Although earlier
Abstract The approximately 120 MDa mammalian nuclear pore complex (NPC) acts as a gatekeeper for the transport between the nucleus and cytosol1. The central channel of the
Abstract In the early stages of mitosis, cohesin is released from chromosome arms but not from centromeres. The protection of centromeric cohesin by SGO1 maintains
Abstract The DNA-repair capacity in somatic cells is limited compared with that in germ cells. It has remained unknown whether not only lesion-type-specific, but overall
Abstract Neuronal activity is crucial for adaptive circuit remodelling but poses an inherent risk to the stability of the genome across the long lifespan of
Abstract DNA topoisomerase II (TOP2) is an enzyme that resolves DNA topological problems and plays critical roles in various nuclear processes. Recently, a heterozygous H58Y
This year, cancer researchers uncovered a variety of ways that tumors can survive and spread, ranging from damaging their own DNA to exploiting the nearby
Abstract Design of de novo synthetic regulatory DNA is a promising avenue to control gene expression in biotechnology and medicine. Using mutagenesis typically requires screening
Highlights Summary Ideal therapies for regenerative medicine or healthy aging require healthy organ growth and rejuvenation, but no organ-level approach is currently available. Using Mycobacterium leprae (ML)
Abstract Proton transfer between the DNA bases can lead to mutagenic Guanine-Cytosine tautomers. Over the past several decades, a heated debate has emerged over the
Abstract Understanding the mechanisms governing selective turnover of mutation-bearing mtDNA is fundamental to design therapeutic strategies against mtDNA diseases. Here, we show that specific mtDNA
Retroviral origins of antiviral proteins Sequences of retroviral origins are abundant in the human genome, but their functional significance remains poorly understood. Frank et al. identified
Abstract Genomic analyses of Neanderthals have previously provided insights into their population history and relationship to modern humans1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, but the social organization of Neanderthal communities
Abstract Oocytes form before birth and remain viable for several decades before fertilization1. Although poor oocyte quality accounts for most female fertility problems, little is
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