Abstract The presence of autoantibodies is a defining feature of many autoimmune diseases. The number of unique autoantibody clones is conceivably limited by immune tolerance
Abstract The oxidative phosphorylation system1 in mammalian mitochondria plays a key role in transducing energy from ingested nutrients2. Mitochondrial metabolism is dynamic and can be reprogrammed
Editor’s summary The malaria parasite has a complex life cycle that offers many potential targets for control measures. One of the most vulnerable points in
Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1/L1 have modest efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma as single agents. Targeting membranous phosphatidylserine may induce pro-inflammatory and -immune stimulating effects
Abstract Acetylcholine is produced in the spleen in response to vagus nerve activation; however, the effects on antibody production have been largely unexplored. Here, we
Abstract Signaling pathways that drive gene expression are typically depicted as having a dozen or so landmark phosphorylation and transcriptional events. In reality, thousands of
Highlights Summary Resistance to MAPK inhibitors (MAPKi), the main cause of relapse in BRAF-mutant melanoma, is associated with the production of alternative BRAF mRNA isoforms (altBRAFs)
Significance Autoimmunity against melanoma differentiation–associated gene 5 (MDA5) induces fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD) in mice. In detail, MDA5-specific CD4+ T cells and virus infection-stimulated upregulation
Abstract Recent studies have identified a previously uncharacterized protein C11orf53 (now named POU2AF2/OCA-T1), which functions as a robust co-activator of POU2F3, the master transcription factor
Abstract The obesity epidemic continues to worsen worldwide, driving metabolic and chronic inflammatory diseases. Thiazolidinediones, such as rosiglitazone (Rosi), are PPARγ agonists that promote ‘M2-like’
Abstract An inter-regional cortical tract is one of the most fundamental architectural motifs that integrates neural circuits to orchestrate and generate complex functions of the
Abstract Cellular entry of the hepatitis B and D viruses (HBV/HDV) requires binding of the viral surface polypeptide preS1 to the hepatobiliary transporter Na+-taurocholate co-transporting
Abstract The ability of tumour cells to thrive in harsh microenvironments depends on the utilization of nutrients available in the milieu. Here we show that
Abstract Localized sources of morphogens, called signalling centres, play a fundamental role in coordinating tissue growth and cell fate specification during organogenesis. However, how these
Abstract Mitochondria are critical modulators of antiviral tolerance through the release of mitochondrial RNA and DNA (mtDNA and mtRNA) fragments into the cytoplasm after infection,
Editor’s summary RNA is generally considered a short-lived mediator of genetic information. Zocher et al. discovered that certain nuclear RNAs produced during postnatal development can persist
Highlights Summary Many, if not all, bacteria use quorum sensing (QS) to control collective behaviors, and more recently, QS has also been discovered in bacteriophages
Abstract Allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a safe treatment option for many disorders of the immune system. However, clinical trials using MSCs have shown
Significance Myelin is essential for the development and function of the central nervous system (CNS), and its loss or dysfunction is central to aging and
Abstract Patients with estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer receive adjuvant endocrine therapies (ET) that delay relapse by targeting clinically undetectable micrometastatic deposits. Yet, up to 50%
Abstract Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a WHO priority pathogen. Antibody-based medical countermeasures offer an important strategy to mitigate severe disease caused by CCHFV.
Highlights Summary Neural stem cells (NSCs) must exit quiescence to produce neurons; however, our understanding of this process remains constrained by the technical limitations of
Abstract Whereas oncogenes can potentially be inhibited with small molecules, the loss of tumour suppressors is more common and is problematic because the tumour-suppressor proteins
Highlights Summary Nucleolar stress (NS) has been associated with age-related diseases such as cancer or neurodegeneration. To investigate how NS triggers toxicity, we used (PR)n
Abstract The brain’s functionality is developed and maintained through synaptic plasticity. As synapses undergo plasticity, they also affect each other. The nature of such ‘co-dependency’
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