Highlights • Apo DdmD assembles as an autoinhibited dimer for plasmid nicking • DdmE is a DNA-guided, DNA-targeting Argonaute-like protein and prefers short guides •
Abstract X chromosome inactivation (XCI) generates clonal heterogeneity within XX individuals. Combined with sequence variation between human X chromosomes, XCI gives rise to intra-individual clonal
Editor’s summary Mutations in MIR96, a microRNA expressed in inner hair cells, result in autosomal dominant deafness-50 (DFNA50), a form of nonsyndromic hearing loss. Here, Zhu et
Abstract To maximize the impact of precision medicine approaches, it is critical to identify genetic variants underlying disease and to accurately quantify their functional effects.
Abstract DNA base damage is a major source of oncogenic mutations1. Such damage can produce strand-phased mutation patterns and multiallelic variation through the process of
Highlights Summary Macrophages elicit immune responses to pathogens through induction of inflammatory genes. Here, we examined the role of three variants of the SWI/SNF nucleosome
Abstract Determining whether the RNA isoforms from medically relevant genes have distinct functions could facilitate direct targeting of RNA isoforms for disease treatment. Here, as
Highlights Summary RNA splicing is pivotal in post-transcriptional gene regulation, yet the exponential expansion of intron length in humans poses a challenge for accurate splicing.
Abstract Chromatin modifications are linked with regulating patterns of gene expression, but their causal role and context-dependent impact on transcription remains unresolved. Here we develop
Highlights Summary Many, if not all, bacteria use quorum sensing (QS) to control collective behaviors, and more recently, QS has also been discovered in bacteriophages
Editor’s summary Repetitive sequences make up much of the human genome and have been implicated in cancer development. Here, Annapragada et al. have taken advantage of the
Abstract Prion-like domains (PLDs) are low-complexity protein sequences enriched within nucleic acid-binding proteins including those involved in transcription and RNA processing. PLDs of FUS and
Abstract Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes essential subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation system, but is also a major damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) that engages innate immune
Editor’s summary The enzyme telomerase synthesizes telomeric repeats at the ends of linear chromosomes, allowing the shelterin protein complex to bind and protect the ends
Abstract Prostate cancer (PrCa) is the second most common cancer worldwide in males. While strongly warranted, the prediction of mortality risk due to PrCa, especially
Abstract Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are chronic cancers characterized by overproduction of mature blood cells. Their causative somatic mutations, for example, JAK2V617F, are common in the population,
Editor’s summary Spontaneous labor involves complex communication between maternal and fetal cells, but our understanding of this cross-talk is limited. Here, Garcia-Flores and colleagues generated
Abstract Understanding how microbial pathogens adapt to treatments, humans and clinical environments is key to infer mechanisms of virulence, transmission and drug resistance. This may
Abstract Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic disorder affecting more than 16 million pregnancies annually worldwide1,2. GDM is related to an increased lifetime
Highlights Summary The cytoplasm is highly compartmentalized, but the extent and consequences of subcytoplasmic mRNA localization in non-polarized cells are largely unknown. We determined mRNA
Abstract De novo chromosome synthesis is costly and time-consuming, limiting its use in research and biotechnology. Building synthetic chromosomes from natural components is an unexplored
Abstract Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully linked genetic risk loci to various disorders, identifying underlying cellular biological mechanisms remains challenging due to the
Abstract In diploid organisms, biallelic gene expression enables the production of adequate levels of mRNA1,2. This is essential for haploinsufficient genes, which require biallelic expression
Editor’s summary Microbial biochemicals systems are incredibly diverse, and computational tools to analyze sequence data are essential in identifying new and valuable components for biotechnology
Highlights Summary Immune rejection has long hindered allogeneic cell transplantation therapy. Current genetic modification approaches, including direct targeting of major histocompatibility complex or constitutive expression
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