Highlights BCG-vaccinated infants need a booster for better protection against tuberculosis The BAdv85C5 vaccine increased protection in BCG-vaccinated mice against tuberculosis The BAdv85C5 vaccine increased antigen presentation
Abstract The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) regulates metabolic reprogramming in lung macrophages and the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Fibrosis progression is associated with apoptosis resistance
Abstract Treating solid malignancies with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells typically results in poor responses. Immunomodulatory biologics delivered systemically can augment the cells’ activity,
Hitching a ride with a retroelement Retroviruses and retroelements have inserted their genetic code into mammalian genomes throughout evolution. Although many of these integrated virus-like
Highlights •Homozygous LoF TBK1 produces systemic autoinflammation, not overt viral disease. •Expressed but inactive TBK1 inhibits IFN-I induction more than no TBK1. •Autoinflammation is driven
A first-in-human Phase I clinical trial has found that one dose of a monoclonal antibody, designated CIS43LS, safely prevented malaria for up to nine months
Abstract Despite the enormous therapeutic potential of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), it benefits only a small subset of patients. Some chemotherapeutics can switch ‘immune-cold’ tumours
Abstract Achieving regulation of endogenous gene expression in the central nervous system (CNS) with antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) administered systemically would facilitate the development of ASO-based
Highlights •Excitotoxic and axonal injuries lead to loss of CaMKII activity in RGCs •Reactivation of CaMKII protects RGCs in multiple injury/disease models •CREB acts downstream
Highlights •Senescent cells are induced at the lesion periphery upon spinal cord injury •Administration of senolytic drugs promotes locomotor and sensory recovery •ABT-263 treatment suppresses
Abstract The global decline in malaria has stalled1, emphasizing the need for vaccines that induce durable sterilizing immunity. Here we optimized regimens for chemoprophylaxis vaccination
The gene editor CRISPR excels at fixing disease mutations in lab-grown cells. But using CRISPR to treat most people with genetic disorders requires clearing an
Highlights •Secreted gelsolin (sGSN) inhibits DNGR-1 binding to F-actin •sGSN dampens DNGR-1-dependent cross-presentation of dead cell-associated antigens •sGSN impairs DNGR-1-dependent cDC1-mediated anti-tumor immunity •Low sGSN
Abstract Despite many significant advances in 3D cell printing for skin, a disease model displaying the pathological processes present in the native skin has not
Significance Current treatments for chronic inflammatory conditions rely on biologic drugs, commonly monoclonal antibodies that interfere with inflammatory signaling pathways. These drugs have made enormous
Abstract Bile acids are lipid-emulsifying metabolites synthesized in hepatocytes and maintained in vivo through enterohepatic circulation between the liver and small intestine1. As detergents, bile
Abstract Leber congenital amaurosis due to CEP290 ciliopathy is being explored by treatment with the antisense oligonucleotide (AON) sepofarsen. One patient who was part of a larger
Mutated isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) defines a molecularly distinct subtype of diffuse glioma1,2,3. The most common IDH1 mutation in gliomas affects codon 132 and encodes IDH1(R132H), which
Abstract Developing safe and efficient non-viral delivery systems remains a major challenge for in vivo applications of gene therapy, especially in cystic fibrosis. Unlike conventional
A golden opportunity to treat glioblastoma Glioblastoma (GBM) is a difficult cancer to treat, partly due to the blood-brain and blood-tumor barriers. Kumthekar et al. studied NU-0129,
Organoids regenerate human bile ducts Bile ducts carry bile from the liver and gall bladder to the small intestine, where it aids digestion. Cholangiocytes are
An antidepressant for arthritis? Pathological chondrocyte hypertrophy contributes to osteoarthritis (OA), a degenerative disease of the cartilage and bone. Carlson et al. studied the role of G
It’s a trope of soap operas and other fiction that a long-term coma can serve as a kind of time travel, fast-forwarding a character into
Abstract Phenotype-based compound screening has advantages over target-based drug discovery, but is unscalable and lacks understanding of mechanism of drug action. A chemical-induced gene expression
Significance We determined the crystal structure of the full-length amphibian antimicrobial peptide (AMP) uperin 3.5 and showed fibrillation into helical “cross-α” amyloid fibril, correlated with
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