Abstract The analysis of neural circuits has been revolutionized by optogenetic methods. Light-gated chloride-conducting anion channelrhodopsins (ACRs)—recently emerged as powerful neuron inhibitors. For cells or
Editor’s summary RNA is generally considered a short-lived mediator of genetic information. Zocher et al. discovered that certain nuclear RNAs produced during postnatal development can persist
Abstract Human brains vary across people and over time; such variation is not yet understood in cellular terms. Here we describe a relationship between people’s
Abstract Associative memory enables the encoding and retrieval of relations between different stimuli. To better understand its neural basis, we investigated whether associative memory involves
Abstract Mutations in SNCA, the gene encoding α-synuclein (αSyn), cause familial Parkinson’s disease (PD) and aberrant αSyn is a key pathological hallmark of idiopathic PD.
Highlights Summary Mechanosensory neurons innervating the skin underlie our sense of touch. Fast-conducting, rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors innervating glabrous (non-hairy) skin form Meissner corpuscles, while in hairy skin,
Abstract The insulin superfamily of peptides is essential for homeostasis as well as neuronal plasticity, learning, and memory. Here, we show that insulin-like growth factors
Highlights Summary The pentameric FERRY Rab5 effector complex is a molecular link between mRNA and early endosomes in mRNA intracellular distribution. Here, we determine the
Highlights Summary Neurons require large amounts of energy, but whether they can perform glycolysis or require glycolysis to maintain energy remains unclear. Using metabolomics, we
Abstract Accumulation of α-synuclein into toxic oligomers or fibrils is implicated in dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease. Here we performed a high-throughput, proteome-wide peptide screen
Highlights Summary Brain organoids created from human pluripotent stem cells represent a promising approach for brain repair. They acquire many structural features of the brain
Abstract Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by poly-Q expansion in the Huntingtin (HTT) protein. Here, we delineate elevated mutant HTT (mHTT) levels
Abstract Almost all brain cells contain cilia, antennae-like microtubule-based organelles. Yet, the significance of cilia, once considered vestigial organelles, in the higher-order brain functions is
Abstract Designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) represent a powerful chemogenetic technology for the remote control of neuronal activity and cellular signalling1,2,3,4. The
Abstract Astrocytes negatively impact neuronal development in many models of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs); however, how they do this, and if mechanisms are shared across disorders,
Abstract Progressive degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra is a hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Dysregulation of developmental transcription factors is implicated
Abstract Despite the importance of the cerebrovasculature in maintaining normal brain physiology and in understanding neurodegeneration and CNS drug delivery1, human cerebrovascular cells remain poorly
Abstract Mutations in the putative glutamatergic synapse scaffolding protein SAP97 are associated with the development of schizophrenia in humans. However, the role of SAP97 in
Abstract Misfolding and aggregation of alpha-synuclein (αS) within dopaminergic neurons is a key factor in the development and progression of a group of age-related neurodegenerative
Highlights • The mammillothalamic tract (MTT) supports neural activity in an extended memory system.• Optogenetic activation of neurons in the anterior thalamus acutely improves memory
The adult human brain contains ∼86 billion neurons (1). Zooming into its cellular and subcellular details to reveal different aspects of neuronal connectivity is a
Curbing neonatal seizures with KCC2 Neonatal seizures are often associated with cerebral ischemia, resistance to antiseizure drugs, and reduced abundance of KCC2, a K+/Cl− cotransporter that
A new injectable therapy harnesses “dancing molecules” to reverse paralysis and repair tissue after severe spinal cord injuries. When just a single injection was administered
In 2013, then-US president Barack Obama launched a US$5-billion project to improve our understanding of the human brain. The venture would take advantage of new
Abstract Multiphoton microscopy has become a powerful tool with which to visualize the morphology and function of neural cells and circuits in the intact mammalian
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