Abstract A highly effective malaria vaccine remains elusive despite decades of research. Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite vaccine (PfSPZ Vaccine), a metabolically active, nonreplicating, whole parasite vaccine demonstrated safety
Abstract Obesity is a state of low-grade chronic inflammation that causes multiple metabolic diseases. During obesity, signalling via cytokines of the TNF family mediate cell
Long-lived plasma cell production High-affinity antibodies that provide durable protective immunity are produced by long-lived bone marrow plasma cells that differentiate from germinal center (GC)
Abstract After viral entry and reverse transcription, HIV-1 proviruses that fail to integrate are epigenetically silenced, but the underlying mechanism has remained unclear. Using a
Time for T cell renewal Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) has shown great potential in subjects with multiple sclerosis (MS). Previous work showed a
Highlights •Tumor-specific T cells are necessary but not sufficient for therapeutic efficacy •IV vaccination promotes tumor regression by remodeling the TME •Systemic IFN-I following IV vaccination
Highlights •Altered mitochondrial homeostasis reprograms cell death modalities •Mitochondrial ROS directs GSDMD to mitochondria following inflammasome activation •Mito-GSDMD shifts cell death from pyroptosis to necroptosis
Abstract Protective immunity relies on the interplay of innate and adaptive immune cells with complementary and redundant functions. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have recently emerged
Highlights • L108F in MPXV DNA polymerase emerged in the 2022 outbreak.• L108F can enhance DNA binding affinity, processivity and drug sensitivity of F8L.• Mutation
Highlights •Six human mAbs target five distinct sites on EBV gH/gL •Some of these antigenic sites match sites of vulnerability on other herpesviruses •Each mAb
Abstract The emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) as a global health threat has highlighted the unmet need for ZIKV-specific vaccines and antiviral treatments. ZIKV infects
Analyzing antibodies A challenge for HIV-1 vaccine development is the need to induce a polyclonal neutralizing antibody (nAb) response in vaccine recipients. Here, Saunders et al. vaccinated
Abstract Bacterial cell wall components provide various unique molecular structures that are detected by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of the innate immune system as non-self. Most
Significance Kaposi’s sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV) inhibitor of cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS) (KicGAS) is a major tegument protein of KSHV and crucial for the evasion of
Highlights •Plasma membrane ruffles are a mechanical immune signal caused by bacterial invasion •The mechanosensor PIEZO1 detects infection-induced ruffles and mediates Ca2+ influx •PIEZO1 activation triggers
Abstract T cell antigen-receptor (TCR) signaling controls the development, activation and survival of T cells by involving several layers and numerous mechanisms of gene regulation. N6-methyladenosine
Highlights • Prior S. aureus exposure makes the otherwise protective IsdB vaccine non-protective• IsdB vaccine recalls non-protective humoral memory from prior S. aureus infection• Specific antibody competition further reduces IsdB vaccine
Abstract Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM cells) provide protective immunity, but the contributions of specific tissue environments to TRM cell differentiation and homeostasis are not well understood.
Abstract We developed a new chimeric M2e and H3 hemagglutinin (HA) stalk protein vaccine (M2e-H3 stalk) by genetic engineering of modified H3 stalk domain conjugated
A new mouse study by researchers from Tel Aviv University and collaborators demonstrates a potential new treatment for AIDS which may be developed into a
Abstract The VP8* domain of spike protein VP4 in group A and C rotaviruses, which cause epidemic gastroenteritis in children, exhibits a conserved galectin-like fold
Abstract Imbalances in lipid homeostasis can have deleterious effects on health1,2. Yet how cells sense metabolic demand due to lipid depletion and respond by increasing
Abstract Cardiac dysfunction is a common complication of severe influenza virus infection, but whether this occurs due to direct infection of cardiac tissue or indirectly
Improving the efficacy of immune checkpoint therapies will require a better understanding of how immune cells are recruited and sustained in tumors. Here, we used
Abstract Severe COVID-19 is characterized by persistent lung inflammation, inflammatory cytokine production, viral RNA, and sustained interferon (IFN) response all of which are recapitulated and
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