Abstract Macrophages orchestrate tissue homeostasis and immunity. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), macrophage presence is largely associated with poor prognosis because of their reprogramming into
Highlights •Low-cost and rapid paper microfluidic device for on-site wastewater surveillance •Sensing platform for pandemic preparedness and public health •Field testing of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater
Significance Since metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is the most common liver disease in the United States, the mechanisms underlying its regression are key to developing
Highlights Summary Trained immunity is characterized by histone modifications and metabolic changes in innate immune cells following exposure to inflammatory signals, leading to heightened responsiveness
Abstract 5-Methylcytosine (5mC) is a widespread silencing mechanism that controls genomic parasites. In eukaryotes, 5mC has gained complex roles in gene regulation beyond parasite control,
Abstract Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is prototypical autoimmune disease driven by pathological T cell–B cell interactions1,2. Expansion of T follicular helper (TFH) and T peripheral
Editor’s summary Cancer immunotherapy is a type of treatment that mobilizes a patient’s immune system to kill tumor cells. It has been successful in treating
Editor’s summary Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) harbor high frequencies of pro-inflammatory B cells, which promote inflammation; yet, it is unclear how cytokine production in
Highlights Summary Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) is essential for recognition of RNA viruses and initiation of antiviral immunity. TLR7 contains two ligand-binding pockets that recognize
Abstract The presence of autoantibodies is a defining feature of many autoimmune diseases. The number of unique autoantibody clones is conceivably limited by immune tolerance
Significance Autoimmunity against melanoma differentiation–associated gene 5 (MDA5) induces fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD) in mice. In detail, MDA5-specific CD4+ T cells and virus infection-stimulated upregulation
Abstract Cellular entry of the hepatitis B and D viruses (HBV/HDV) requires binding of the viral surface polypeptide preS1 to the hepatobiliary transporter Na+-taurocholate co-transporting
Abstract Allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a safe treatment option for many disorders of the immune system. However, clinical trials using MSCs have shown
Editor’s summary Activation of the DNA sensing cGAS/STING pathway in tumors has opposing host-protective or tumor-promoting responses, depending on the tissue context. STING is broadly
Abstract Transcriptional regulator MtrR inhibits the expression of the multidrug efflux pump operon mtrCDE in the pathogenic bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Here, we show that MtrR binds the hormonal
Abstract BACKGROUND Butantan–Dengue Vaccine (Butantan-DV) is an investigational, single-dose, live, attenuated, tetravalent vaccine against dengue disease, but data on its overall efficacy are needed. METHODS
Significance Interleukin (IL)-6, an essential indicator of cytokine release syndromes (CRS), regulates vascular homeostasis and inflammation. Inhibition of IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) signaling is beneficial for
Highlights Summary The dominant risk factors for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are advanced age and the APOE4 genetic variant. To examine how these factors alter neuroimmune function,
Highlights Summary The therapeutic potential for human type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) has been underexplored. Although not observed in mouse ILC2s, we found that
Highlights Summary Vitamin B12 (B12) deficiency causes neurological manifestations resembling multiple sclerosis (MS); however, a molecular explanation for the similarity is unknown. FTY720 (fingolimod) is a
Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne infectious disease in the United States, in part because a vaccine against it is not currently available for
Significance Upon viral infection, cells produce and secrete proteins called interferons (IFNs) that bind to receptors on infected or neighboring cells to induce the expression
Abstract Acute gastroenteritis caused by human noroviruses (HuNoVs) is a significant global health and economic burden and is without licensed vaccines or antiviral drugs. The
Editor’s summary Although current spatial transcriptomics technologies can locate gene expression within tissues, they are unable to map full-length B cell receptor (BCR) and T
Editor’s summary Pregnant women infected with Zika virus (ZIKV) can vertically transmit virus to fetuses, which has been linked to congenital ZIKV syndrome. Understanding how
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