Significance Upon viral infection, cells produce and secrete proteins called interferons (IFNs) that bind to receptors on infected or neighboring cells to induce the expression
Highlights •T. gondii bradyzoite and tachyzoite-infected cells show distinct transcriptional patterns •Protein export in bradyzoites is important for host transcriptional changes •The effector IST is exported in
Abstract During skin injury, immune response and repair mechanisms have to be coordinated for rapid skin regeneration and the prevention of microbial infections. Natural Killer
Highlights –IFN expression in COVID-19 varies based on location, viral load, age, and severity –IFN-λ1 and -λ3 drive protective ISGs in the upper airways of
Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin disease that speeds up the growth cycle of skin cells. It is the most common autoimmune disease in the
Infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus can lead to diverse outcomes, ranging from no symptoms to varying degrees of disease severity, spanning mild illness to death.
Highlights •PD-L1 is primarily regulated by interferon gamma signaling in melanoma cells •PD-L2 is regulated by both interferon beta and gamma signaling •Regulation of PD-1
Detection of viral RNAs causes oligomerization of mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) protein, which leads to the production of type I interferons (IFNs). Buskiewicz et al.
Most viral infections trigger B cells to produce neutralizing antibodies, but for a handful of viruses that cause chronic infections, B cells are for some
Tuberculosis remains second only to HIV/AIDS as the leading cause of mortality worldwide due to a single infectious agent1. Despite chemotherapy, the global tuberculosis epidemic
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