Editor’s summary Vancomycin and its second-generation lipoglycopeptide derivatives work mainly by binding the peptidoglycan precursor lipid II to inhibit cell wall synthesis in Gram-positive bacteria.
Abstract Brain computation performed by billions of nerve cells relies on a sufficient and uninterrupted nutrient and oxygen supply1,2. Astrocytes, the ubiquitous glial neighbours of
Abstract Once considered as a “metabolic waste,” lactate is now recognized as a major fuel for tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Our metabolic flux analysis reveals
Highlights Abstract Therapeutic proteins often require needle-based injections, which compromise medication adherence especially for those with chronic diseases. Sublingual administration provides a simple and non-invasive
Abstract Psychedelic substances such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin show potential for the treatment of various neuropsychiatric disorders1,2,3. These compounds are thought to
Abstract Phosphoinositide-3-kinase-γ (PI3Kγ) is implicated as a target to repolarize tumour-associated macrophages and promote antitumour immune responses in solid cancers1,2,3,4. However, cancer cell-intrinsic roles of
Abstract Cell-free RNAs and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are valuable biomarkers in liquid biopsies, but they are prone to preanalytical variabilities such as nonstandardized centrifugation or ex
Highlights Summary Breastfeeding offers demonstrable benefits to newborns and infants by providing nourishment and immune protection and by shaping the gut commensal microbiota. Although it
Editor’s summary Genetic argininosuccinate lyase (ASL) deficiency results in excess blood ammonia and downstream neurological and metabolic impairments. Gurung et al. report that ASL deficiency in patients
Abstract SLC15A4 is an endolysosome-resident transporter linked with autoinflammation and autoimmunity. Specifically, SLC15A4 is critical for Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 7–9 as well as nucleotide-binding oligomerization
Abstract Understanding how microbial pathogens adapt to treatments, humans and clinical environments is key to infer mechanisms of virulence, transmission and drug resistance. This may
Abstract Natto, known for its high vitamin K content, has been demonstrated to suppress atherosclerosis in large-scale clinical trials through a yet-unknown mechanism. In this
Abstract Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully linked genetic risk loci to various disorders, identifying underlying cellular biological mechanisms remains challenging due to the
Abstract The LINE-1 (L1) retrotransposon is an ancient genetic parasite that has written around one third of the human genome through a “copy-and-paste” mechanism catalyzed
Highlights Summary In animals, cells often move as collectives to shape organs, close wounds, or—in the case of disease—metastasize. To accomplish this, cells need to
Abstract Transient reprogramming by the expression of OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and MYC (OSKM) is a therapeutic strategy for tissue regeneration and rejuvenation, but little is
Abstract Over one million European children undergo computed tomography (CT) scans annually. Although moderate- to high-dose ionizing radiation exposure is an established risk factor for
Highlights Summary Relapse of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a significant concern due to persistent leukemia-initiating stem cells (LICs) that are typically not targeted by
Abstract Human female infertility, 20% of which is idiopathic, is a public health problem for which better diagnostics and therapeutics are needed. A novel cause
Abstract Cells undergo a major epigenome reconfiguration when reprogrammed to human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPS cells). However, the epigenomes of hiPS cells and human
Abstract Escherichia coli is a leading cause of invasive bacterial infections in humans. Capsule polysaccharide has an important role in bacterial pathogenesis, and the K1 capsule
Highlights Summary The evolutionarily conserved minor spliceosome (MiS) is required for protein expression of ∼714 minor intron-containing genes (MIGs) crucial for cell-cycle regulation, DNA repair, and MAP-kinase signaling. We explored
Highlights Summary Immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments (TMEs) reduce the effectiveness of immune responses in cancer. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), precursors to cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), promote tumor
Abstract Neoantigens are peptides derived from non-synonymous mutations presented by human leukocyte antigens (HLAs), which are recognized by antitumour T cells1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14. The large HLA allele
Abstract Cellular metabolism is important for adult neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) behavior. However, its role in the transition from quiescence to proliferation is not fully
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