Growing up on a dairy farm protects children from allergy, hay fever, and asthma. A mechanism linking exposure to this endotoxin (bacterial lipopolysaccharide)–rich environment with protection has
Immune cells constantly circulate in the body in search of pathogens or tissue damage. Because they move autonomously, immune cell trafficking must be tightly controlled
Scientists at UC Davis have found that early exposure to inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 2, can stymie the activity of CD4 T cells, immune
n 1993, National Institutes of Health (NIH) researchers gave Eli Lilly’s promising experimental hepatitis B drug fialuridine to 15 patients as part of a small
It starts with a tick bite. This may be followed by the characteristic bullseye rash. And then the other symptoms of Lyme disease appear. Fever,
An oft-overlooked group of immune cells, natural killer (NK) cells seem to have a paradoxical role when it comes to viral infections in particular, HIV.
The only HIV vaccine to show promising efficacy in clinical trials stimulated an antibody-based defense in some individuals but not in others. Analyzing patients’ samples
The physiological differences between males and females go far beyond reproduction; they may even include how an animal processes pain, according to a study published
Following a concerted H1N1 vaccination campaign throughout Europe in 2009, children immunized with GlaxoSmithKline’s Pandemrix vaccine, but not Novartis’s Focetria, were at an increased risk
The cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12) was thought to have a central role in T cell–mediated responses in inflammation for more than a decade after it was
Broadly neutralizing antibodies, those that could squash a wide swath of virus types, are the supreme goal of HIV vaccine development. Although some people infected
Last summer, infectious disease specialist Gregory Poland saw a patient at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, who had a fever, a rash, kidney failure,
Treatment directed at a newly identified drug target in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) would prevent damage to the joints while not increasing the immune suppression that
A staggering 20 billion or so memory T cells are part of the immune cell repertoire of human skin, defending the host from a multitude
A two-armed molecule has been developed that effectively locks HIV in a kind of miniature full nelson, preventing the virus from wrestling its way into
Widespread uncontrolled inflammation, multiple organ failure, and death were the results of lymphocytic cytomegalovirus (LCMV) infection in mice that had been immunized with a vaccine
Retroviral sequences in mammalian genomes are the remnants of old viral infections and, for the most part, their expression is suppressed. But a report published
Researchers gathered in Paris at the first European Molecular Biology Organization conference devoted to innate lymphoid cells and discussed recent advances to further understanding of
When immunologist Michel Sadelain launched his first trial of genetically engineered, cancer-fighting T cells in 2007, he struggled to find patients willing to participate. Studies in
During a local inflammatory response, white blood cells called neutrophils bind to the sides of blood vessels and crawl along them. This allows neutrophils to
Stomach ache, nausea, diarrhea—many people know the sort of gastrointestinal havoc norovirus can wreak. Despite this, norovirus biology remains unclear, because human norovirus cannot be
Autoimmunity arises from self-reactive T and/or B lymphocytes, and underlies a wide range of conditions, from endocrine disorders to blood cytopenias. Genetic epidemiological studies have
Genome-wide epigenetic and transcription analyses of monocytes and macrophages have uncovered two crucial pathways driving macrophage training a recently discovered form of innate immune memory
Patients with advanced melanoma can survive longer after treatment with the immunotherapy drug ipilimumab. Kvistborg et al. show how this therapeutic antibody exerts its beneficial effects. Although
Why do some people get the flu after the flu shot? The answer may be in the gut. While studying gene expression and the strength
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