Highlights Summary Background Patients with severe uncontrolled asthma represent a distinct endotype with persistent airway inflammation and remodeling that is refractory to corticosteroid treatment. CD4+ TH2
Abstract Development of immunocompetent T cells in the thymus is required for effective defence against all types of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria and fungi. To
Abstract In atherosclerosis, some regulatory T (Treg) cells become exTreg cells. We crossed inducible Treg and exTreg cell lineage-tracker mice (FoxP3eGFP−Cre-ERT2ROSA26CAG-fl-stop-fl-tdTomato) to atherosclerosis-prone Apoe−/− mice, sorted Treg cells and exTreg cells and
Highlights Summary Immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments (TMEs) reduce the effectiveness of immune responses in cancer. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), precursors to cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), promote tumor
Highlights Summary PSGL-1 (P-selectin glycoprotein-1) is a T cell-intrinsic checkpoint regulator of exhaustion with an unknown mechanism of action. Here, we show that PSGL-1 acts upstream
Significance ACh-releasing choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)+ T cells promote vasodilation and regulate blood pressure in mice, but human ChAT+ T cells and the molecular mechanisms by which ChAT-expression is regulated remain
Dendritic cells save the day Dendritic cells are a key part of the immune system and are critical for antitumor immunity because they help to
Highlights •Tumor-specific T cells are necessary but not sufficient for therapeutic efficacy •IV vaccination promotes tumor regression by remodeling the TME •Systemic IFN-I following IV vaccination
Abstract Protective immunity relies on the interplay of innate and adaptive immune cells with complementary and redundant functions. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have recently emerged
Abstract T cell antigen-receptor (TCR) signaling controls the development, activation and survival of T cells by involving several layers and numerous mechanisms of gene regulation. N6-methyladenosine
Abstract Imbalances in lipid homeostasis can have deleterious effects on health1,2. Yet how cells sense metabolic demand due to lipid depletion and respond by increasing
Highlights • Dead-guide RNA-based CRISPR activation screen identifies targets for CAR-T engineering• PRODH2 gain of function reprograms proline metabolism in CD8+ T cells• PRODH2 reshapes transcriptome, metabolome, and immune
Abstract Activating CD8+ T cells by antigen cross-presentation is remarkably effective at eliminating tumours. Although this function is traditionally attributed to dendritic cells, tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs)
Highlights: • T cells of vaccinees recognize SARS-CoV-2 variants including Omicron.• RBD memory B cells recognition of Omicron is reduced.• A median of 11 CD4
Abstract Pro-inflammatory T cells in the central nervous system (CNS) are causally associated with multiple demyelinating and neurodegenerative diseases1,2,3,4,5,6, but the pathways that control these
Significance Alongside αβ T cells and B cells, γδ T cells comprise a major component of the adaptive immune system, although a lack of bona
Highlights • Stimulus-specific STAT3 and broad stress factor AP1 co-establish memory domains• Stem cell factors access open memory domains and remain bound after inflammation• FOS
Abstract Alternative pre-mRNA splicing is a critical step to generate multiple transcripts, thereby dramatically enlarging the proteomic diversity. Thus, a common feature of most alternative
Highlights •Macrophages induce the MES-like state of glioblastoma cells •Induction is mediated by macrophage-derived OSM interacting with OSMR/LIFR-GP130 •Subsets of glioblastoma-associated macrophages express a related
Highlights •During viral infection, inflammatory cytokines induce aerobic glycolysis in NK cells •Ldha expression is critical for clonal expansion of host-protective anti-viral NK and CD8+ T cells
Highlights • CSCs use CD276 to evade immune surveillance in SCC initiation and metastasis• CD276 is a functional cell surface marker to isolate CSCs from
Abstract Bile acids are lipid-emulsifying metabolites synthesized in hepatocytes and maintained in vivo through enterohepatic circulation between the liver and small intestine1. As detergents, bile
Abstract This study examined whether CD8+ T-cell responses from COVID-19 convalescent individuals (n=30) potentially maintain recognition of the major SARS-CoV-2 variants (n=45 mutations assessed). Only
Concerns about coronavirus variants that might be partially resistant to antibody defences have spurred renewed interest in other immune responses that protect against viruses. In
Physicians and researchers have had questionable success treating patients with severe COVID-19 with either antibody-based drugs or convalescent plasma. Neither of those strategies is a cell-based therapy, and,
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